Padziko Lonse - Premier Propylene Glycol: Chomera Chachilengedwe Chogwira Ntchito Zambiri

Katundu Wathupi ndi Mankhwala

Mawonekedwe ndi Fungo: Propylene glycol imawoneka ngati madzi opanda mtundu, owonekera bwino, komanso okhuthala. Ili ndi kukoma kokoma pang'ono ndipo ilibe fungo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika mawonekedwe omasuka.

Kusungunuka: Imakhala ndi kusakanikirana bwino kwambiri, imatha kusakanikirana kwathunthu ndi madzi, ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, ndi zinthu zina zambiri zosungunulira zachilengedwe. Kapangidwe kake kamalola kuti igwire ntchito ngati chosungunulira chogwira ntchito komanso chosakaniza mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhazikika: Ndi kulemera kwa molar kwa 76.09 g/mol, propylene glycol ili ndi kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 1.036 g/cm³ pa 25°C, komwe ndi kolemera pang'ono kuposa madzi. Malo ake osungunuka ndi - 59°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhalebe mumadzimadzi pa kutentha kwakukulu. Malo otentha amakhala pa 188.2°C pansi pa kupanikizika kwachizolowezi, kusonyeza kukhazikika kwake pa kutentha kwabwinobwino. Malo otentha ndi okwera kwambiri, pafupifupi 99°C (kutsekedwa - chikho), kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuyaka mwangozi.

Kusinthika kwa Mankhwala: Monga diol, propylene glycol imatha kutenga nawo mbali muzochita zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala zomwe zimachitika m'magulu a mowa. Imatha kupanga ma esters ikaphatikizidwa ndi ma carboxylic acid, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zambiri zamafakitale ndi ogula. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuvutika ndi madzi m'thupi pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma ether a intramolecular cyclic kapena ma polima a intermolecular.

Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito

Makampani Ogulitsa Zakudya ndi Zakumwa: Propylene glycol imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'gawoli. Imagwira ntchito ngati chonyowetsa, kuthandiza kusunga chinyezi mu zakudya monga zophikidwa, makeke, ndi mkaka, motero imawonjezera nthawi yake yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kusunga kapangidwe kake. Monga chosungunulira, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula kukoma, mitundu, ndi zosungira, kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya ndi zakumwa zimagawidwa mofanana. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu zokometsera zamadzimadzi za zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso ngati chonyamulira mafuta ofunikira mu zakudya. Imavomerezedwanso ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya (E1520) ku European Union, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka (GRAS) ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa malire odziwika.

Makampani Opanga Mankhwala: Mu mankhwala, propylene glycol imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chosungunulira mankhwala omwe sangasungunuke mosavuta m'madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ipangidwe m'mankhwala omwa, obayidwa, komanso opaka pakhungu. Mwachitsanzo, mu mankhwala ambiri amadzimadzi omwa, propylene glycol imathandiza kusungunula zosakaniza zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu mankhwala, kuonetsetsa kuti mlingo wake ndi wolondola. Mu mankhwala opaka pakhungu monga mafuta odzola, imagwira ntchito ngati choletsa kukhuthala komanso chowonjezera kulowa, ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa mankhwala pakhungu. Imakhalanso ndi mphamvu zina zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya komanso zoyambitsa bowa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mankhwala azisungidwa.

Zodzoladzola ndi Chisamaliro Chaumwini: Propylene glycol ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu zodzoladzola zambiri komanso zinthu zosamalira thupi. Mu zinthu zosamalira khungu monga zonyowetsa, ma seramu, ndi zotsukira, imagwira ntchito ngati humectant, imakoka chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikuchimangirira ku khungu, motero imasunga khungu kukhala lonyowa. Mphamvu zake zosungunulira zimathandiza kuti isungunuke zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zogwira ntchito ndi zonunkhira, kuonetsetsa kuti zikufalikira mofanana muzinthu. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzinthu zosamalira tsitsi monga shampu ndi zodzoladzola kuti ziwongolere kapangidwe kake ndikuthandizira kutumiza zosakaniza zothandiza ku tsitsi. Mu misomali, propylene glycol imagwira ntchito ngati pulasitiki, kuletsa polish kuti isasweke mosavuta.

Ntchito Zamakampani: Propylene glycol ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga ma resins a polyester osakhuta, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapulasitiki olimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass. Mapulasitiki awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga magalimoto, zomangamanga, ndi za m'madzi, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zazikulu - mpaka kulemera komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mumakampani opanga magalimoto, ma formula oletsa kuzizira ndi oziziritsa omwe ali ndi propylene glycol amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutentha kwa injini, kupewa kutentha kwambiri ndi kuzizira. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati chosungunulira komanso chonyamulira mu zokutira, inki, ndi zomatira, zomwe zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito awo komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Njira Zokonzekera

Kuchuluka kwa Epoxy Propane Hydrolysis: Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zamafakitale. Munjira iyi, epoxy propane (propylene oxide) imayanjana ndi madzi pamaso pa chothandizira. Kuyankha kumatha kuchitika m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Mu njira yothira madzi mwachindunji, kutentha kwakukulu (pafupifupi 150 - 200°C) ndi kupanikizika (0.98 - 2.94 MPa) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi chiŵerengero cha madzi - mpaka - epoxy propane molar nthawi zambiri chimakhala pafupifupi 20. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa epoxy propane kukhala propylene glycol kumatha kufika pafupifupi 85%, zinthu zina za polypropylene glycol zimapangidwanso. Njira ina ndi hydrolysis ya acid - catalyzed, komwe kuchuluka kochepa kwa acid catalyst (monga sulfuric acid) kumawonjezedwa. Kuyankha kumachitika pa kutentha kochepa (50 - 70°C), ndipo chinthu chomwe chimachokera chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuyeretsedwa kudzera mu njira monga vacuum distillation kuti mupeze propylene glycol yoyera kwambiri.

Hydrogenolysis ya Glycerol Catalytic: Glycerol ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zopangira kupanga propylene glycol. Mu njira iyi, glycerol imayamba kupangidwa ndi magulu ake a hydroxyl, kenako imachotsedwa madzi m'thupi kuti ipange zinthu zapakati monga enols ndi keto-aldehyde tautomers. Zinthu zapakatizi zimalowa mu hydrogenation pamaso pa chothandizira (monga chothandizira chokhala ndi mkuwa), pamapeto pake zimabala 1,2-propylene glycol. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chobwezerezedwanso (glycerol), chomwe chingapezeke kuchokera kuzinthu monga kupanga biodiesel.

Njira Zaukadaulo Wachilengedwe: Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, monga mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya ndi yisiti, tingapangidwe kuti tipange propylene glycol kudzera mu njira zowiritsira. Mwachitsanzo, mwa kusintha majini a Escherichia coli kapena Klebsiella pneumoniae, tingapangidwe kuti tisinthe shuga (monga shuga) kapena glycerol kukhala propylene glycol. Njira ya biotechnology iyi ndi yotetezeka kwambiri ku chilengedwe poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zamankhwala, chifukwa imagwira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yofatsa ndipo ingagwiritse ntchito magwero a kaboni wobwezerezedwanso. Komabe, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa njirazi ndi madera ofunikira kafukufuku ndi kukonza.

Kusamalitsa

Zinthu Zofunika Kuganizira pa Zaumoyo: Ngakhale kuti propylene glycol nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya, mankhwala, ndi zodzoladzola mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka, kukhudzana kwambiri kapena kumeza kwambiri kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa thanzi. Kumeza kwambiri kungayambitse zizindikiro monga nseru, kusanza, ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Pazochitika zazikulu, kungayambitse metabolic acidosis, vuto lomwe thupi limasonkhanitsa asidi wambiri. Kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi propylene glycol yokhazikika kungayambitse kukwiya mwa anthu ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi khungu lofewa. Kukhudzana ndi khungu nthawi yayitali kapena mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kupewedwa. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale, mpweya wabwino ndi wofunikira kuti mupewe kupuma mpweya wa propylene glycol, chifukwa kupuma mpweya wambiri kungayambitse kusasangalala kupuma.

Ngozi za Moto ndi Kuphulika kwa Madzi: Propylene glycol imatha kuyaka, ngakhale kuti ili ndi malo oyaka kwambiri. Nthunzi zake zimatha kupanga zosakaniza zophulika ndi mpweya pansi pa mikhalidwe ina. Malo osungira ndi ogwirira ntchito ayenera kusungidwa kutali ndi malawi otseguka, zipsera, ndi zinthu zina zoyatsira moto. Zidebe zosungiramo zinthu zosapsa moto ndi zida zoyenera zozimitsira moto ziyenera kupezeka m'malo omwe propylene glycol imasungidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zotsatira Zachilengedwe: Ngakhale kuti propylene glycol imatha kuwonongeka, kutulutsa kwakukulu m'chilengedwe, makamaka m'madzi, kumathabe kukhudza. M'madzi, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya pamene ikuwola, zomwe zingakhudze zamoyo zam'madzi. Chifukwa chake, njira zoyenera zoyendetsera zinyalala ndi zoletsa ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zisatulutse propylene glycol mosalamulirika m'chilengedwe.

Mafotokozedwe

Pepala Lowongolera Ubwino