Glyphosate: Mankhwala Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri Komanso Ofunika Kwambiri pa Zaulimi
Minda Yaikulu Yogwiritsira Ntchito
Mu ulimi, glyphosate ndi mankhwala ophera udzu. Imagwira ntchito poletsa enzyme ya 5 - enolpyruvylshikimate - 3 - phosphate synthase (EPSPS) m'zomera. Enzyme iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma amino acid onunkhira, omwe ndi ofunikira pakukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera. Mwa kuletsa enzyme iyi, glyphosate imasokoneza njira zachibadwa za udzu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono ziume ndi kufa. Chikhalidwe chake cha dongosolo chimalola kuti ilowe m'masamba ndikuyendetsedwa mu chomera chonse, kupha bwino mbali zonse za udzu zomwe zili pamwamba komanso pansi pa nthaka, kuphatikizapo mizu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri poletsa udzu wosatha womwe nthawi zina umakhala wovuta kuuchotsa.
Glyphosate imagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu. Mu mbewu zosinthidwa majini (GM) zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizitha kupirira glyphosate, monga soya, chimanga, ndi thonje, zimatha kupopedwa mwachindunji pa mbewu zomwe zikukula kuti zithetse namsongole popanda kuvulaza mbewuyo. Izi zasintha njira zaulimi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira yowongolera namsongole mwachangu komanso mokulira, kuchepetsa kufunika kolima makina komanso kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mbewu zopanda GM, glyphosate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito powongolera namsongole isanabzalidwe kapena itatha kukolola, kukonza nthaka kuti ibzalidwe kapena kuonetsetsa kuti madera okololedwa amakhalabe opanda namsongole.
Kupatula ulimi, glyphosate imapezekanso m'malo omwe si olima. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa udzu m'malo opangira mafakitale, m'misewu, m'makoma a sitima, komanso m'malo ozungulira malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Mwa kusunga madera awa opanda zomera zosafunikira, zimathandiza kusamalira zomangamanga, kuchepetsa zoopsa zamoto, komanso kukonza chitetezo.
Ngakhale kuti glyphosate ndi yabwino kwambiri, yakhala nkhani yotsutsana. Pali nkhawa zambiri zokhudza momwe ingakhudzire chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa nkhani zina zaumoyo, ngakhale kuti asayansi akugwirizanabe pankhani zimenezi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akuluakulu oyang'anira padziko lonse lapansi akhala akuyang'anira bwino momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima pa mitengo yogwiritsira ntchito, njira zodzitetezera, komanso zofunikira pakulemba.
Posungira, glyphosate iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira komanso ouma, kutali ndi dzuwa lachindunji ndi zinthu zina zosagwirizana. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito glyphosate, muyenera kuvala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, monga magolovesi, magalasi a maso, ndi zovala zodzitetezera. Kuphatikiza apo, kutaya bwino chinthu chilichonse chosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena phukusi ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.
Mafotokozedwe
| Dzina la Chinthu | Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Fomula Yamankhwala | C₃H₈NO₅P | |||||||||
| Kulemera kwa Maselo | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Maonekedwe | ufa woyera | |||||||||
| Malo Osungunuka | 230°C | |||||||||
| Kuchulukana | 1.747 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| Khodi ya HS | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Kugwiritsa ntchito | Kulamulira udzu waulimi, kusamalira udzu wa m'munda wosalimidwa | |||||||||
Pepala Lowongolera Ubwino
| Dzina la Chinthu | Glyphosate | ||||||
| CHINTHU | Mtengo Wamba (%) | MTENGO WA MAYESO (%) | |||||
| Gawo la kulemera kwa Glyphosate % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Gawo la Formaldehyde g/kg | ≤1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| Sodium hydroxide chinthu chosasungunuka g/kg | ≤0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Gawo la kulemera kwa Nitrosoglyphosate mg/kg | ≤1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Powombetsa mkota
Mwachidule, glyphosate, ngakhale kuti pali mikangano yokhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, ikadali mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri mu ulimi wamakono komanso kasamalidwe ka udzu wosabzala. Kugwira ntchito kwake bwino, kusinthasintha kwake, komanso momwe ulimi umagwirira ntchito bwino kwapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri pakupanga chakudya padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene kafukufuku akupitirira ndipo malamulo akusintha, tsogolo la glyphosate mwina lidzaphatikizapo kulinganiza pakati pa ubwino wake ndi khama lothana ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi izi.