Padziko Lonse - Premier TDI: Chomangira Chofunika Kwambiri mu Makampani a Polyurethane
Katundu Wathupi ndi Mankhwala
Mawonekedwe ndi Fungo: TDI nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati madzi owoneka bwino opanda mtundu kapena achikasu pang'ono, oyaka kwambiri. Imatulutsa fungo lopweteka, lamphamvu, komanso losasangalatsa, lomwe limakhala chizindikiro chofunikira cha kukhalapo kwake.
Kusungunuka ndi Kubwerezabwereza: Ikhoza kusakanizidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe monga ethanol (yomwe imawonongeka), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethyl ether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chlorobenzene, kerosene, ndi mafuta a azitona. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zake zodziwika bwino ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Kuphatikiza apo, TDI imatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi maatomu a haidrojeni, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri.
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhazikika: TDI ili ndi kutentha kotentha kwa pafupifupi 247℃, komwe kumatsimikiza kutentha komwe imasinthira kuchoka pamadzimadzi kupita ku mpweya pansi pa mphamvu yachibadwa ya mlengalenga. Kutentha kwake kumayambira pa 19.5 mpaka 21.5℃, kusonyeza kutentha komwe kumauma pansi pake. Kutentha kwa TDI ndi 127℃, kutanthauza kuti kutentha kumeneku, kumatha kupanga nthunzi zoyaka moto pamaso pa gwero la kuyaka. Ndi kuchuluka kwa 1.217, ndi kolemera kuposa madzi, zomwe zimakhudza momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso kulekanitsidwa kwake m'mafakitale ndi zachilengedwe.
Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito
Kupanga Thovu la Polyurethane: TDI ndiye maziko opangira ma thovu a polyurethane, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Mu gawo la mipando, ma thovu ofewa a polyurethane opangidwa ndi TDI ndi omwe amasankhidwa popanga ma cushion omasuka komanso othandizira m'masofa, mipando yamanja, ndi matiresi. Mu makampani opanga magalimoto, ma thovu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mipando yamagalimoto, kupereka chitonthozo ndi chitetezo poyamwa zinthu zosokoneza poyendetsa galimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, ma thovu a polyurethane ochokera ku TDI amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma insulation, monga m'mafiriji ndi zipangizo zotetezera nyumba, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zabwino kwambiri zotetezera kutentha.
Zophimba ndi Zomatira: TDI imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zomatira ndi zomatira zogwira ntchito kwambiri. Mu makampani opanga zomatira, ma polyurethane opangidwa ndi TDI amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomatira zolimba, zosakanda, komanso zosagwira mankhwala pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zitsulo, pulasitiki, ndi matabwa. Zomatira zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza magalimoto, zomatira pansi, ndi zomatira za zida zamafakitale. Mumsika wa zomatira, zomatira zokhala ndi TDI zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zolimba zomatira. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando, kuphatikiza zida zamagalimoto, komanso mumakampani omanga kuti zigwirizane ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomangira.
Kupanga Elastomer: TDI imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma elastomer a polyurethane, omwe amaphatikiza mphamvu za rabara ndi pulasitiki. Ma elastomer awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, monga popanga nsapato, komwe amapereka kusinthasintha kwabwino, kulimba, komanso kuyamwa kwa shock. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma seal ndi ma gaskets amafakitale, komwe amakana mankhwala, kukwawa, ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Njira Zokonzekera
Njira Zachikhalidwe Zopezera Phosgenation
2,4 - Njira ya Amino Toluene: Njirayi imayamba ndi kusungunula 2,4 - amino toluene ndikuisungunula mu chlorobenzene. Kenako yankholi limayankhidwa ndi phosgene m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba, kutentha kochepa kumachitika mkati mwa kutentha kwa 35 - 45℃. Pambuyo pake, kutentha kwakukulu kumachitika kutentha komwe kuli pansi pa 130℃. Pambuyo poti kuyankhidwako kwatha, mpweya wa nayitrogeni umayambitsidwa kuti utulutse hydrogen chloride iliyonse yosayankhidwa ndi phosgene yochulukirapo. Chlorobenzene imachotsedwa, ndipo gawo lomaliza limaphatikizapo kusungunuka kwa vacuum kuti mupeze TDI yoyera.
Njira ya Nitro Toluene: Mu njira iyi, nitro toluene imayikidwa nitrate kenako imachepetsedwa kufika pa 2,4 - diaminotoluene. Kenako pakati pake pamakhala phosgenation, komwe imakumana ndi phosgene ndikupanga TDI. Kenako kusakaniza kwa reaction kumakonzedwa kuti kulekanitsa ndikuyeretsa mankhwala a TDI.
Njira Zina Zotsogola
Njira Zosakhala za Phosgene: M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala kukhazikika kwakukulu pakupanga njira zopanda phosgene zopangira TDI pofuna kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe komwe kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phosgene. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina akufufuza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopangira TDI popanda kufunikira phosgene. Komabe, njira izi zikadali pagawo lotukuka ndipo sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mabizinesi.
Kusamalitsa
Zoopsa pa Thanzi: Nthunzi ya TDI imabweretsa mavuto aakulu pa thanzi la anthu. Imakwiyitsa kwambiri maso, khungu, ndi njira zopumira. Kuigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kapena mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse mavuto aakulu azaumoyo, kuphatikizapo mavuto opuma monga bronchitis, zizindikiro zofanana ndi mphumu, ndipo nthawi zina, matenda oopsa kwambiri monga bronchiectasis ndi matenda a mtima a m'mapapo. Mwachitsanzo, makoswe omwe amaikidwa m'malo okwana (0.5 - 1)×10⁻⁶ kwa maola 6 patsiku, masiku opitilira 5 - 10, awonetsedwa kuti amakhudzidwa ndi zotsatirapo za poizoni. Mwa anthu, kupuma movutikira mpaka 0.0005mg/L kungayambitse chifuwa chachikulu komanso kupuma movutikira.
Zoopsa Zoyakira ndi Kuphulika: TDI ndi madzi oyaka moto, ndipo nthunzi zake zimatha kupanga zosakaniza zophulika ndi mpweya. Zikayikidwa pa malawi otseguka, zipsera, kapena kutentha kwakukulu, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuyaka ndi kuphulika. Chifukwa chake, njira zoyenera zosungira ndi kusamalira ndizofunikira kuti tipewe ngozi zotere.
Kusunga ndi Kusamalira: TDI iyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yozizira, yopuma bwino yomwe ili kutali ndi dzuwa lachindunji, magwero otentha, ndi magwero oyatsira moto. Zidebe zosungiramo ziyenera kutsekedwa bwino kuti nthunzi isatuluke. Popeza imagwirizana ndi madzi ndi zinthu zina, iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zingagwirizane nayo, monga zinthu zophera okosijeni. Pogwira ntchito, zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, kuphatikizapo magolovesi osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, magalasi oteteza, ndi zoteteza kupuma, ziyenera kuvalidwa kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kukhudzana ndi zinthu.
Mafotokozedwe
| Dzina la Chinthu | Toluene Diisocyanate | |||||||||
| Fomula Yamankhwala | C9H6N2O2 | |||||||||
| Kulemera kwa Maselo | 174.16 g/mol | |||||||||
| Maonekedwe | Madzi owonekera bwino opanda utoto mpaka achikasu chopepuka | |||||||||
| Malo Osungunuka | 19.5–21.5°C | |||||||||
| Malo Owira | 247°C | |||||||||
| Kuchulukana | 1.22 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 584-84-9 | |||||||||
| Khodi ya HS | 29291010 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 209-544-5 | |||||||||
| Kugwiritsa ntchito | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thovu la polyurethane, elastomers, zokutira, ndi zomatira. | |||||||||
Pepala Lowongolera Ubwino
| Dzina la Chinthu | Toluene Diisocyanate | ||||||
| MA PARAMITERI | MUYENERERO | Zotsatira za Mayeso | |||||
| Zomwe zili mu Toluene Diisocyanate%≧ | 99.5 | 99.96 | |||||
| Chiŵerengero cha Isomer (2,4/2,6) | 80.0/20.0±1 | 79.4/20.6 | |||||
| Hydrolysis chlorine% ≤ | 0.01 | 0.0032 | |||||
| Asidi (monga HCL)% ≤ | 0.004 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Chroma (Hazen) ≤ | 25 | 10 | |||||